Ask, as I have asked, a celebrated raiser of
Hereford cattle, whether his cattle might not have descended from long
horns, and he will laugh you to scorn. I have never met a pigeon, or
poultry, or duck, or rabbit fancier, who was not fully convinced that
each main breed was descended from a distinct species. Van Mons, in
his treatise on pears and apples, shows how utterly he disbelieves
that the several sorts, for instance a Ribston-pippin or Codlin-apple,
could ever have proceeded from the seeds of the same tree. Innumerable
other examples could be given. The explanation, I think, is simple:
from long-continued study they are strongly impressed with the
differences between the several races; and though they well know that
each race varies slightly, for they win their prizes by selecting such
slight differences, yet they ignore all general arguments, and refuse
to sum up in their minds slight differences accumulated during many
successive generations. May not those naturalists who, knowing far
less of the laws of inheritance than does the breeder, and knowing no
more than he does of the intermediate links in the long lines of
descent, yet admit that many of our domestic races have descended from
the same parents--may they not learn a lesson of caution, when they
deride the idea of species in a state of nature being lineal
descendants of other species?
SELECTION.
Let us now briefly consider the steps by which domestic races have
been produced, either from one or from several allied species.
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